The Type IX submarines were German ocean-going submarines that began construction in 1938. Depending on the subtype, Type IX units ranged in length from 76.5 to 87.6 m, width from 6.5 to 7.5 m, and their underwater displacement ranged from 1,150 tons to 1,800 tons. The maximum surface speed of the Type IX submarines ranged from 18 to 21 knots, and the maximum underwater speed was approximately 7 knots. The main armament of the ship was 6 533-mm torpedo tubes: 4 bow and 2 aft, a total of 22-27 torpedoes on board. Additional armament consists of 1 105 mm gun or 1 105 mm gun, 1 20 mm anti-aircraft gun and 1 37 mm gun of subtypes IX B, IX D-1 and IX D-2. The Type IX submarines were created as a development and greatly improved version of the Type IA submarines. The sailing range, artillery and torpedo armament have been significantly increased. In the course of serial production, several subtypes of this class of ships were created. Chronologically, type IX was the first. Later, the Type IX B was created with a slightly increased flight range and enhanced anti-aircraft armament. Another type was the Type IX C and C-40, which were larger than the previous ones, and their maximum range was again increased to almost 25,000 km. Finally, the last variants were subtypes IX D-1 and IX D-2, in which the maximum speed was increased to 21 knots on the surface and a torpedo reserve. During the Second World War, ships of this type operated mainly in the Atlantic, they went to the Indian Ocean.
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