The Typhoon class, Soviet designation of Project 941 Akula (Russian Akula, meaning "shark", NATO name "Typhoon") is a class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines designed and built by the Soviet Union for the USSR Navy. With an underwater displacement of 48,000 tons, the Typhoons are the largest submarines ever built, able to comfortably accommodate a crew of 160 when they are underwater for months at a time. The source of the name of the NATO report remains unclear, although it is often said to be related to the use of the word "typhoon" ("typhoon") by Communist Party General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev in a 1974 speech when describing a new type of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine as reaction to the new US Navy Ohio-class submarine. The Russian Navy canceled its Typhoon modernization program in March 2012, saying that upgrading one Typhoon would be as expensive as building two new Borei-class submarines. Following the announcement that Russia had eliminated the last of its R-39 Rif (SS-N-20 Sturgeon) SLBMs in September 2012, only one Typhoon remained in service, the Dmytro Donsky, which had been converted to the more modern RSM-56 Bulava SLBM for trials. . She continued to serve until February 2023, when she was dismissed.
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